Gratuitous *** & Gratuity (tip) (續：引發 往來 單字大集合)

gratuitous



Y

D

–adjective 

1. given, done, bestowed, 

or 

obtained without charge or payment; free; voluntary. 



2. being without apparent reason, cause, or justification: a gratuitous insult. 

3. Law. given without receiving any return value. 



C

gratuitous (adj.), gratitude, gratuity (nn.) 

   

Gratitude and gratuitous derive from the same word, the Latin gratus ("grace"), but whereas gratitude means only "gratefulness, thankfulness," 



gratuitous has two meanings: "free, without charge," now fairly rare, and the much more frequent "uncalled for, unjustified, unnecessary, without good reason," as in It was a gratuitous insult, quite undeserved. Context must make clear which meaning you intend. 



A gratuity is a gift for service, a tip. 





 　

In the original version, there was an endless, pointless sequence of Bud driving through Western states and collecting bug splats on his windshield; the 81/2 minutes Gallo has taken out of that sequence were as exciting as watching paint after it has already dried. 



Now he arrives sooner in California, and there is the now-famous scene in a motel room involving Daisy (Chloe Sevigny). Yes, it is explicit, and no, it is not gratuitous.





。動作 

Convulsion



。引發

engender

Dafoe [en]genders so much more sympathy that the film's central dynamic grows a bit [lop]sided.

insurrection

Slowly letting his insurrection[ist] sympathies show,

instigate 

The Great Escape, for all of its many virtues, [painted] Blur into a corner and there was only one way out -- to abandon the Britpop that they had instigated by bringing the weird [strands] that always floated through their music to the surface.

foment

elicit 

beckon

He beckoned me to [follow].

One of the characters speaks of a benevolent psychopathology that beckons [toward] us. 

but not enough to make it a very [viable] theatrical attraction. Further fest play and upscale cable [venues] beckon.

demagogue

It is dominated by the dynamic performance of Broderick Crawford as Willie Stark, a thinly disguised version of real-life populist [demagogue] Huey Long.

abattoir

abet

to abet a [swindler] [crime]  

[abetted] by a talented young cast, [capture] the perfect naturalistic tone.

Rachel Portman's able score is [abetted] by any number of standard and classical tunes.

while Thomas Newman's score is [abetted] by some musical selections that consciously ape those used in some Vietnam-era dramas. 

and Arianne Phillips' retro-[kitsch] costumes offer plenty of visual flash, [abetted] by Frank G. DeMarco's often striking color lensing.

Yes, it's really good, far, far better than the average soi-disant sophisticate might imagine, but that's not my point: Talk about a vision! 

The apparent [tedious] limitations of having to tell a visual and dramatic story frame by frame, while you move the hair of an eyebrow a fraction of a fraction of a centimeter to the left, 

and lift just the slight outside of an animal's lip in the beginning of a wistful expression falls away into a dizzying rush of both confident character and endless delight, brilliantly [abetted] by the obvious gifts of being able to listen to George Clooney or Meryl Streep while you are doing it.

The film's first act, dealing with Mifune's discovery and [tortured] decision-making process is a tour-de-force of acting and direction, shot in master scenes whose fluidity is abetted [by] the mobility and lightness of the shoji screens separating the rooms of the [spacious] house.

goad

Frost and Reston did finally goad Nixon [into] saying that he let the American people down, 

Bert is always calculating. When he tells Eddie he's a "loser," we know he says that to [goad] him to win or push him to lose,

Nor does the film build up a terrifying sense of implacable cruelty goaded [into] viciousness by an image of heroic innocence and victimization.

mutinous

Now, remember, Smith, you come to these shores in chain. Your under a cloud, which will darken considerably if I hear any more of your mutinous remarks.

rout

roust

Origin: 1650–60; perh. alter. of rouse

rout, as from a place 

to roust someone [out] of bed. 

I roust some muchacho on the street with no papers, all he's got to say is: I work for Jimmy Herrera.



entice (desire) & incite (act)

enticing 

elicit 

illicit 

illegal

solicit 

No soliciting [allowed] in this building. cf. tout

solicitude 

the tender solicitude of [parents]

galvanize

but Rourke creates a [galvanizing], humorous, deeply moving portrait





。外交

extradite

Of course, there is Switzerland but... they extradite.

extradition

Polanski is under [house] arrest in Switzerland and [facing] possible extradition to the U.S. in connection with his 1978 conviction for having unlawful sex with an [underage] girl and his subsequent escape to Europe.

pact

In the film's most serious misstep, we are asked to accept that the couple have a [pact] that Mae not be medicated with Lithium because it kills her "spirit."



cf. shingle 

shindig 

Not so much. I go out once a week. I’m really out of practice at Hollywood [shindigs], where the chatter is basically "nonversations."

consulate

Fred began his advance work with a visit to the consulate. 

In Mastaganem, you go to the French consulate so that they give pasaport. Say you that it is lost.

envoy

I propose we send a envoy to this king, to see whether he can be persuaded to trade with us. 

contingent

contingent [liability]

Our plans are contingent [on] the weather.  

Have the [Scottish] contingent arrived at the meeting yet?

While in her late teens and living with her husband and new family in a Des Moines trailer park, she became [enveloped] in the Fountain of Joy church -- basically a born-again hippie [contingent].



durbar

It went like clockwork. "quite like a durbar," lady edser said. 印度諸侯的宮廷,接待廳,正式接見

courier

The Chinese intelligence wasn't too happy with parking ticket statistics. Finally, at my urging, Ren got a job as a courier... carrying sensitive government [documents].





。往來

Devolve

















Gratuitous