Grate

  









grate



Y

1. 爐柵

2. 磨碎



D



–noun 

1. a frame of metal bars for holding fuel when burning, as in a fireplace, furnace (火爐), or stove.  



2. a framework of parallel 

or 

crossed bars, used as a partition, guard, cover, or the like; grating. (格柵)



3. a fireplace.  



–verb (used with object) 

4. to furnish with a grate or grates.  



–verb (used without object) 

1. to have an irritating or unpleasant effect: 



His constant chatter grates [on] my nerves.  



2. to make a sound of, or as if of, rough scraping; rasp. (發出刺耳聲)

3. to sound harshly; jar (發出刺耳的聲音): 



to grate on the [ear].  



4. to scrape or rub with rough or noisy friction, as one thing on or against another.  



–verb (used with object)

5. to reduce to small particles by rubbing against a rough surface or a surface with many sharp-edged openings: 



to grate a [carrot].  



6. to rub together with a harsh, jarring sound: to grate one's [teeth]. 

7. to irritate or annoy. 

8. Archaic. to wear down or away by rough friction.  



—Synonyms 

7. vex, gall (膽汁), 

nettle, 

irk, 

rile (使苦惱), bug.





　

You could take this, I guess, as a convincing dramatization of courage. In Holland, as in other occupied countries, acts of resistance were [carried] out with exemplary coolness. A browse [through] Elsa Caspers’s To Save a Life: Memoirs of a Dutch Resistance Courier, published in 1995, confirms as much, and I suspect that Caspers was a useful source for Verhoeven and his co-screenwriter, Gerard Soeteman. 



To Save a Life, however, is rooted in [moral] stamina and the harshness of deprivation; the winter of 1944 and the succeeding months (the time frame of Black Book) saw the Netherlands besieged by famine, 



with people grating tulip bulbs to make soup. 



None of that desperation [pinches] Verhoeven’s film. Resisters and collaborators alike are elegantly dressed, with plenty of flesh on the bones, and some of Rachel’s escapades have the casual [air] of a spree. 





sliver

laminate 

The document is encased in plastic, with the [laminating machine] he has also brought along.

lacerate ***

crate 

They're still driving around in the old crate they bought [20 years ago].  

a crate of [oranges]

Tony



scour shingle

brash 

bristle & brittle (vulnerable)

ruffle

fray 

fight, wear

frazzle

but by her extravagant turn as a frazzl[ed] performance artist

tatter

dressed in [rags] and [tatters]

Lorenzo flees Spain as his [reputation] [lies in tatters]

hone

Two decades in Tinseltown surely honed Verhoeven's [perversity]. 

Fray



strident strident [insects] [hinges], a strident tone in his [writings] 

screech the screech of [owls] [brakes], disagreeable, lack of dignity

squeal 

squish

tumultuous

raucous

furor

Raucous



legume 豆科植物

vertebrate 脊椎動物

gill 腮

pectoral 胸鰭

Meager